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Kamehameha (Vanessa tameamea)

The Kamehameha Butterfly, also known by its Hawaiian name Pulelehua, is a remarkable species indigenous to the Hawaii region. This butterfly holds a special place in Hawaii’s ecosystem and cultural heritage, representing the rich biodiversity and the intertwined relationship between the islands’ flora and fauna. Its unique characteristics and significance have sparked interest and conservation efforts, making it an essential subject of study and appreciation.

Kamehameha Butterfly

Scientific Classification


  • Family: Nymphalidae
  • Genus: Vanessa
  • Scientific Name: Vanessa tameamea

Overview

The Kamehameha Butterfly is distinguished not only by its biological attributes but also by its cultural significance. As one of only two butterfly species native to Hawaii, it embodies the islands’ natural beauty and ecological importance. The efforts to preserve its population highlight the community’s commitment to environmental conservation. This overview explores the butterfly’s lifecycle, from caterpillar to adult, emphasizing its distinct features and the vital role it plays in Hawaii’s ecosystems.

Description and Identification

Caterpillar

The journey of the Kamehameha Butterfly begins with its caterpillar stage, characterized by green or grey colors with black heads upon hatching. As they grow, caterpillars exhibit a diverse range of colors including light green, black, or yellow, adapting to their surroundings and host plants.

Pupa

Transitioning into the pupa stage, these creatures display a variety of colors, with some showcasing a distinctive red hue. They are commonly found hanging on twigs, stems, or near their caterpillar stage host plants, signaling their transformation into adult butterflies.

Adult Butterfly

Sexual Dimorphism: Adult Kamehameha Butterflies exhibit sexual dimorphism, meaning males and females can be distinguished by their appearance. This distinction is crucial for identification and understanding their mating behaviors.

Color and Appearance: With wings unfurled, adults boast orange patches amidst black shades, predominantly at the apex. Females have small white patches at their forewing tips, whereas males feature orange spots. Closed wings reveal a pale brown hue, a camouflage against predators.

Average Wingspan: The average wingspan of the Kamehameha Butterfly is 63.5 mm (2.5 inches), a size that facilitates its fast and erratic flight pattern.

Flight Pattern: The butterfly’s flight is fast and unpredictable, an adaptation that likely serves as a defense mechanism against predators and aids in the pollination process.

Eggs

Kamehameha Butterfly eggs are minuscule, akin to the size of a pinhead, strategically laid on the upper or lower surfaces of leaves of host plants to ensure the next generation’s survival.

Quick Facts

DistributionThroughout the Hawaii region.
HabitatNear gulches, streams, and forests with koa trees.
Lifespan of AdultsUnknown.
Host PlantsMamaki (Pipturus albidus), Olonā (Touchardia latifolia), Opuhe (Urera kaalae), Akolea (Boehmeria grandis).
Adult DietFlower nectar and koa tree sap.
 

How to Identify Kamehameha Butterfly?

Identifying the Kamehameha Butterfly involves observing several key characteristics. Look for the distinctive orange and black patterns on the wings when opened, and the pale brown coloration when closed. Sexual dimorphism is a significant identifier; males and females differ in the color of spots on their forewings—orange for males and white for females. Their fast and unpredictable flight pattern is also a notable trait. Paying attention to these details, along with recognizing their preferred habitats near gulch, streams, and forests with koa trees, can help in accurately identifying this native Hawaiian butterfly.

Did You Know?

  • The Kamehameha Butterfly is named after Hawaii’s royal House of Kamehameha.
  • In 2009, it was designated as Hawaii’s state insect, thanks to advocacy by fifth-grade students from Pearl Ridge Elementary.
  • The Pulelehua Project, a collaborative effort between the University of Hawaii and the state government, seeks to map the butterfly’s habitat and monitor its population through citizen science. This initiative is critical due to the species’ declining numbers.
  • The butterfly’s unique adaptation strategies and lifecycle contribute significantly to Hawaii’s biodiversity and ecological balance.

Conclusion

The Kamehameha Butterfly is not just a species native to Hawaii; it is a symbol of the islands’ natural heritage and a reminder of the importance of conservation efforts. Through understanding and protecting this indigenous butterfly, we not only preserve a piece of Hawaii’s biodiversity but also contribute to the broader ecological balance. Engaging with initiatives like the Pulelehua Project can make a significant difference in ensuring the survival and thriving of the Kamehameha Butterfly for generations to come.

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Scientific Classification

  • Family: Nymphalidae
  • Genus: Vanessa
  • Scientific Name: Vanessa tameamea
Published by Poppy Glendening on June 16, 2019.
Last Updated: March 8, 2024. ✅ Verified by: Butterfly Team